What happened to Kmart?

Once upon a time, the world of big-store retail was dominated by Kmart — not Walmart or Target or Amazon. That dominance is over, though, and Kmart is on its last legs.

What happened? How did the company have such a massive fall from grace? That’s what we’re going to explore today. This is the history of Kmart — from its beginning to its peak to its near collapse.

Humble beginnings

Everyone’s gotta start somewhere. For Kmart, it was in the deep Midwest of Detroit, Michigan. Only it wasn’t named Kmart at first. Instead, it was dubbed the S.S. Kresge Company — an absolute mouthful of a name. That name came from its original founder Sebastian S. Kresge, who opened up shop in 1899.

At first, the store was a discount one. Back in the 19th century, these were called five-and-dime stores because items usually cost around that five-cent to ten-cent mark. Because of inflation, these are what we call dollar stores today. 

The Detroit store succeeded, which naturally meant expansion. By 1912, the store had 85 locations across the United States. 

However, the Kmart you know and remember didn’t really come to fruition until 1962. That’s when the first-ever Kmart store opened in Garden City, Michigan. As you can guess, the K in the name represents the original founder, Kresge, who died only four years after this new start began.

Once the name changed, the Kmart franchise saw an explosion in popularity the rest of that decade and into the ‘70s. It became one of, if not, the leading discount retailers stateside. By this time, the five-and-dine concept was outdated. But Kmart still was about discounted items at its core and infiltrated every corner of the US — from the lucrative California market to middle-of-nowhere Nebraska. ​

History of Bankruptcies

At this point, Kmart and bankruptcies go hand in hand. It’s happened on several different occasions, and the fact that Kmart is still standing after them is a small miracle in itself. 

Kmart was riding high going into the ‘80s but the competition also stiffened. Most notably, Target and Walmart came for Kmart’s neck with similar discount pricing. Once Kmart lost its status as the cheapest place to buy so-and-so household items, it’s market differentiator was gone.

From this point on, Kmart became a hot-potato type of brand. In 1984, it was acquired by retail holding company, American Fare Inc. They took out significant debt to make the deal happen, which ended up hurting Kmart and the holding company at-large. These financial constraints led to Kmart filing for its first Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1990. 

This is the first time that Kmart dodged permanent closing. It never reached its previous business peak as competition intensified, but it stayed afloat thanks to restructuring and constant management changes. 

Business continued to ebb and flow into the ‘90s before they went bankrupt once more in 2002, once again via Chapter 11. Though for a second time, it managed to stay alive.

In fact, the now-Kmart Holdings Company tried to expand to salvage the business. During the mid-00s, it acquired the Sears brand — which was the number-one retailer in the pre-Kmart days. 

However, both Kmart and Sears continued to hemorrhage money in the ensuing years. Each brand was representative of a time bygone. This was also the time when e-commerce and Amazon became a thing — which caught the Kmart Holdings Company flat-footed again. The organization never quite figured out the Internet, which proved to be its death sentence. 

In 2018, bankruptcy came falling again — this time for good. When it reported for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, numerous stores up and down the United States began closing up shop. This piled up until Kmart was left as a skeleton of its former self.

Last Kmart Stores

In 2022, Kmart closed down its store in Avenel, New Jersey — just 15 miles south of New York City. With that, the franchise is left with three stores still standing. Only three — a far cry from the 2,300 or so it had in the ‘90s.

The last standing stores are as follows: 

• Westwood, New Jersey
• Bridgehampton on New York’s Long Island
• Miami, Florida

There’s a few other stores worldwide, but these are the last holdouts on the continental United States. And honestly, all three are in danger of permanently closing themselves. We could be a few short years away from Kmart being gone for good.

Lessons From Kmart’s Demise

This is more than just a nostalgia piece on the once almighty brand known as Kmart. No, we want it to be a case study on where and why Kmart went wrong. That’s why we wanted to close out this article with business lessons from Kmart’s collapse. Here’s what future retailers can learn from Kmart.

The first is the importance of adaptability. Society will change. Technology will change. Consumers will change. It’s on individual businesses to monitor these changes and adapt accordingly.

Kmart failed to do that — most notably with the Internet. Not being able to predict consumers would turn to Internet buying is almost laughable in hindsight. Kmart was sagging when the Internet came to be, but if they would’ve pivoted and rode the new trend, they could’ve easily revived themselves. Alas, it was not to be.

Lesson number two is on differentiation. If you’re successful, competitors will copy you and what makes you different. For Kmart, that was steep discounted prices. Businesses have to be prepared for these types of events, and find a way to differentiate themselves some more.

Kmart did not do that. If anything, their competitors became better discounters, which stole their reputation for low prices right underneath their noses. Kmart had nothing else to fall back on (e.g. top-notch customer service or unique product offering), which made them forgettable for consumers. Forget long enough and you end up with only three stores left as Kmart currently sits.